Part IX: The Panchayats
Article 243G: Powers, Authority, and Responsibilities of Panchayats
Original Article:
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government, and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to—
- (a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;
- (b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.
Amendments:
- Introduced by the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992, effective from 24th April 1993.
Amendment Explanation:
The 73rd Amendment empowered Panchayats as self-governing institutions by allowing State Legislatures to delegate significant responsibilities, ensuring their involvement in grassroots governance.
Explanations:
Article 243G enables Panchayats to prepare plans and implement schemes for economic development and social justice. The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 areas in which Panchayats can exercise their responsibilities, such as agriculture, health, education, and sanitation.
Historical Significance:
The introduction of Article 243G marked a turning point in India's decentralization efforts, fulfilling Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of Gram Swaraj and enabling Panchayats to play a vital role in rural development.
Debates and Deliberations:
- Shri Rajiv Gandhi: Emphasized the need for empowering Panchayats to bridge the rural-urban divide and ensure economic equity at the grassroots level.
- Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee: Supported the article for its role in strengthening democracy and local governance structures in rural India.
Real-Life Examples:
- Kerala: Panchayats in Kerala have implemented decentralized health care programs effectively, addressing local needs and achieving significant public health milestones.
- Rajasthan: Panchayats play a key role in implementing the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), creating jobs and boosting rural development.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Under Article 243G, Panchayats are responsible for preparing plans and implementing schemes for economic development and social justice, as outlined in the Eleventh Schedule.
The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 subjects, including agriculture, education, health, sanitation, and rural development, which fall under the responsibilities of Panchayats.
Yes, State Legislatures have the authority to delegate specific powers, responsibilities, and resources to Panchayats under Article 243G.
References:
- The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992.
- Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.