Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 51: Promotion of International Peace and Security

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The State shall endeavour to—

• (a) promote international peace and security;
• (b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations;
• (c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another; and
• (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Explanation

Article 51 is a key element of India’s international diplomatic strategy, emphasizing the promotion of global peace, security, and just international relations. This article reflects India’s enduring commitment to peaceful coexistence, respect for international law, and a focus on resolving disputes through dialogue and arbitration rather than conflict.

Key Provisions

• Promotion of International Peace and Security: India is dedicated to actively supporting peace and security through participation in global forums and negotiations, reflecting its commitment to world peace.
• Just and Honourable Relations Between Nations: The State must engage with other nations on the basis of fairness, ensuring that diplomatic relations uphold mutual respect and equitable treatment.
• Respect for International Law and Treaty Obligations: India’s dealings with other countries must be aligned with its international legal and treaty obligations, maintaining its role as a responsible global citizen.
• Settlement of Disputes by Arbitration: India promotes peaceful resolutions through arbitration, reinforcing its belief in diplomacy as the best method for resolving conflicts.

Amendments and Real-Life Examples

• Amendments: Article 51 has not been amended, but its principles have been continuously reinforced through India’s participation in international treaties and diplomatic engagements.
• UN Security Council Membership: India has played a significant role as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, working to promote global peace and resolve conflicts.
• Indo-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (2015): This peaceful resolution of a long-standing border dispute between India and Bangladesh highlights India's commitment to fair international relations.

Historical Significance

The inclusion of Article 51 reflects India’s post-independence foreign policy, rooted in the ideals of peace and non-violence championed by Mahatma Gandhi. Following World War II and the formation of the United Nations, India emerged as a strong advocate for peace, conflict resolution, and respect for international law, all principles embedded within this article.

Legislative History

Initially proposed as Article 40 in the draft Constitution, Article 51 was adopted as part of the Indian Constitution after being discussed on November 24 and 25, 1948.

Debates and Deliberations

During the Constituent Assembly debates, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar introduced a simplified version of Article 51, focusing on promoting international peace, maintaining honourable relations, and respecting international law. Shri V. S. Sarwate suggested an amendment to foster "truthfulness, justice, and a sense of duty" in citizens, reflecting Gandhian ideals, but this was rejected.

Shri H. V. Kamath proposed several amendments, including adding "endeavour to" to emphasize the directive nature of the article and revising the language to reflect India’s cultural heritage of non-aggression. He supported arbitration as a preferred method for resolving international disputes, emphasizing the importance of global peace and unity.

Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar echoed the sentiment, emphasizing the article’s significance in promoting both domestic and international peace. He advocated for peaceful arbitration in settling international disputes, referencing historical failures of organizations like the League of Nations and underscoring the need for a robust peace framework in India’s Constitution.