Article 19: Protection of Certain Rights Regarding Freedom of Speech, etc.

(1) All citizens shall have the right—

(a) to freedom of speech and expression;

(b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;

(c) to form associations or unions [or co-operative societies];

(d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;

(e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India;

(g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

(2) Reasonable restrictions on these rights may be imposed in certain cases for security and public order.

Explanation

Article 19 reflects the fundamental rights provided to citizens, including freedoms essential for personal growth and democratic participation. These rights are balanced with reasonable restrictions to ensure national security, public order, and morality.

Key Aspects of Article 19

• Freedom of Speech and Expression: Allows for free expression within reasonable restrictions, promoting a balanced view of individual rights and national security.
• Right to Peaceful Assembly: Enables peaceful gatherings, with limitations to maintain public order.
• Right to Form Associations: Allows the formation of associations, unions, and co-operative societies, supporting collective interests.
• Freedom of Movement: Ensures citizens can travel freely within India, with restrictions for protection of certain communities.
• Right to Reside and Settle: Permits residence anywhere within India, protecting local interests where necessary.
• Right to Practise Profession: Empowers citizens to engage in occupations of choice, subject to qualifications and regulations.

Real-Life Applications

The 2019 protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) demonstrate the right to peaceful assembly under Article 19, with restrictions imposed to manage public order in certain areas.